Glaucoma

                            ■ Glaucoma :-

Pathophysiology :-

The main problem or pathology in glaucoma is caused by raised intraocular pressure. It is this raised pressure that compresses and damages the optic nerve. Once the optic nerve is damaged, it fails to carry visual information to the brain and this results in loss of vision.

The exact pathophysiology contributing to this is not fully understood. It is believed that the raised pressure on the retina causes the cells and nerve ganglions in the sensitive retina to die off and in addition the small blood vessels of the retina are also compressed depriving it of nutrients. This results in a clinically progressive loss of peripheral visual field and ultimately vision.

Treatment :-

Two caregories drug mye be use in the treatment of glaucoma..

1.Drug that decrease the formation of aqueous humor..

a)B blocker-timolol,betaxolol

B)adrenergic anonists-adrenaline

C)Carbonic anhydrase-acetazolamide

2.Drug increase drainage of aqueous humor..

 A)Cholinargic drug-carbachol,pilocarpune

B) PG analogs-latanoprost,unoprostone